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test/source/blender/blenlib/intern/polyfill_2d_beautify.cc
2025-08-12 02:46:51 +00:00

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C++

/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Blender Authors
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
/** \file
* \ingroup bli
*
* This function is to improve the tessellation resulting from polyfill2d,
* creating optimal topology.
*
* The functionality here matches #BM_mesh_beautify_fill,
* but its far simpler to perform this operation in 2d,
* on a simple polygon representation where we _know_:
*
* - The polygon is primitive with no holes with a continuous boundary.
* - Triangles have consistent winding.
* - 2d (saves some hassles projecting face pairs on an axis for every edge-rotation)
* also saves us having to store all previous edge-states
* (see #EdRotState in `bmesh_beautify.cc`).
*
* \note
*
* No globals - keep threadsafe.
*/
#include "BLI_utildefines.h"
#include "BLI_heap.h"
#include "BLI_math_geom.h"
#include "BLI_math_matrix.h"
#include "BLI_memarena.h"
#include "BLI_polyfill_2d_beautify.h" /* own include */
#include "BLI_strict_flags.h" /* IWYU pragma: keep. Keep last. */
/* Used to find matching edges. */
struct OrderEdge {
uint verts[2];
uint e_half;
};
/* Half edge used for rotating in-place. */
struct HalfEdge {
uint v;
uint e_next;
uint e_radial;
uint base_index;
};
static int oedge_cmp(const void *a1, const void *a2)
{
const OrderEdge *x1 = static_cast<const OrderEdge *>(a1);
const OrderEdge *x2 = static_cast<const OrderEdge *>(a2);
if (x1->verts[0] > x2->verts[0]) {
return 1;
}
if (x1->verts[0] < x2->verts[0]) {
return -1;
}
if (x1->verts[1] > x2->verts[1]) {
return 1;
}
if (x1->verts[1] < x2->verts[1]) {
return -1;
}
/* Only for predictability. */
if (x1->e_half > x2->e_half) {
return 1;
}
if (x1->e_half < x2->e_half) {
return -1;
}
/* Should never get here, no two edges should be the same. */
BLI_assert(false);
return 0;
}
BLI_INLINE bool is_boundary_edge(uint i_a, uint i_b, const uint coord_last)
{
BLI_assert(i_a < i_b);
return ((i_a + 1 == i_b) || UNLIKELY((i_a == 0) && (i_b == coord_last)));
}
float BLI_polyfill_beautify_quad_rotate_calc_ex(const float v1[2],
const float v2[2],
const float v3[2],
const float v4[2],
const bool lock_degenerate,
float *r_area)
{
/* not a loop (only to be able to break out) */
do {
/* Allow very small faces to be considered non-zero. */
const float eps_zero_area = 1e-12f;
const float area_2x_234 = cross_tri_v2(v2, v3, v4);
const float area_2x_241 = cross_tri_v2(v2, v4, v1);
const float area_2x_123 = cross_tri_v2(v1, v2, v3);
const float area_2x_134 = cross_tri_v2(v1, v3, v4);
BLI_assert((ELEM(v1, v2, v3, v4) == false) && (ELEM(v2, v1, v3, v4) == false) &&
(ELEM(v3, v1, v2, v4) == false) && (ELEM(v4, v1, v2, v3) == false));
if (r_area) {
*r_area = (fabsf(area_2x_234) + fabsf(area_2x_241) +
/* Include both pairs for predictable results. */
fabsf(area_2x_123) + fabsf(area_2x_134)) /
8.0f;
}
/*
* Test for unusable (1-3) state.
* - Area sign flipping to check faces aren't going to point in opposite directions.
* - Area epsilon check that the one of the faces won't be zero area.
*/
if ((area_2x_123 >= 0.0f) != (area_2x_134 >= 0.0f)) {
break;
}
if ((fabsf(area_2x_123) <= eps_zero_area) || (fabsf(area_2x_134) <= eps_zero_area)) {
break;
}
/* Test for unusable (2-4) state (same as above). */
if ((area_2x_234 >= 0.0f) != (area_2x_241 >= 0.0f)) {
if (lock_degenerate) {
break;
}
return -FLT_MAX; /* always rotate */
}
if ((fabsf(area_2x_234) <= eps_zero_area) || (fabsf(area_2x_241) <= eps_zero_area)) {
return -FLT_MAX; /* always rotate */
}
{
/* testing rule: the area divided by the perimeter,
* check if (1-3) beats the existing (2-4) edge rotation */
float area_a, area_b;
float prim_a, prim_b;
float fac_24, fac_13;
float len_12, len_23, len_34, len_41, len_24, len_13;
/* edges around the quad */
len_12 = len_v2v2(v1, v2);
len_23 = len_v2v2(v2, v3);
len_34 = len_v2v2(v3, v4);
len_41 = len_v2v2(v4, v1);
/* edges crossing the quad interior */
len_13 = len_v2v2(v1, v3);
len_24 = len_v2v2(v2, v4);
/* NOTE: area is in fact (area * 2),
* but in this case its OK, since we're comparing ratios */
/* edge (2-4), current state */
area_a = fabsf(area_2x_234);
area_b = fabsf(area_2x_241);
prim_a = len_23 + len_34 + len_24;
prim_b = len_41 + len_12 + len_24;
fac_24 = (area_a / prim_a) + (area_b / prim_b);
/* edge (1-3), new state */
area_a = fabsf(area_2x_123);
area_b = fabsf(area_2x_134);
prim_a = len_12 + len_23 + len_13;
prim_b = len_34 + len_41 + len_13;
fac_13 = (area_a / prim_a) + (area_b / prim_b);
/* negative number if (1-3) is an improved state */
return fac_24 - fac_13;
}
} while (false);
return FLT_MAX;
}
float BLI_polyfill_edge_calc_rotate_beauty__area(const float v1[3],
const float v2[3],
const float v3[3],
const float v4[3],
const bool lock_degenerate)
{
/* not a loop (only to be able to break out) */
do {
float v1_xy[2], v2_xy[2], v3_xy[2], v4_xy[2];
/* first get the 2d values */
{
const float eps = 1e-5f;
float no_a[3], no_b[3];
float no[3];
float axis_mat[3][3];
float no_scale;
cross_tri_v3(no_a, v2, v3, v4);
cross_tri_v3(no_b, v2, v4, v1);
// printf("%p %p %p %p - %p %p\n", v1, v2, v3, v4, e->l->f, e->l->radial_next->f);
BLI_assert((ELEM(v1, v2, v3, v4) == false) && (ELEM(v2, v1, v3, v4) == false) &&
(ELEM(v3, v1, v2, v4) == false) && (ELEM(v4, v1, v2, v3) == false));
add_v3_v3v3(no, no_a, no_b);
if (UNLIKELY((no_scale = normalize_v3(no)) == 0.0f)) {
break;
}
axis_dominant_v3_to_m3(axis_mat, no);
mul_v2_m3v3(v1_xy, axis_mat, v1);
mul_v2_m3v3(v2_xy, axis_mat, v2);
mul_v2_m3v3(v3_xy, axis_mat, v3);
mul_v2_m3v3(v4_xy, axis_mat, v4);
/**
* Check if input faces are already flipped.
* Logic for 'signum_i' addition is:
*
* Accept:
* - (1, 1) or (-1, -1): same side (common case).
* - (-1/1, 0): one degenerate, OK since we may rotate into a valid state.
*
* Ignore:
* - (-1, 1): opposite winding, ignore.
* - ( 0, 0): both degenerate, ignore.
*
* \note The cross product is divided by 'no_scale'
* so the rotation calculation is scale independent.
*/
if (!(signum_i_ex(cross_tri_v2(v2_xy, v3_xy, v4_xy) / no_scale, eps) +
signum_i_ex(cross_tri_v2(v2_xy, v4_xy, v1_xy) / no_scale, eps)))
{
break;
}
}
/**
* Important to lock degenerate here,
* since the triangle pars will be projected into different 2D spaces.
* Allowing to rotate out of a degenerate state can flip the faces
* (when performed iteratively).
*/
return BLI_polyfill_beautify_quad_rotate_calc_ex(
v1_xy, v2_xy, v3_xy, v4_xy, lock_degenerate, nullptr);
} while (false);
return FLT_MAX;
}
static float polyedge_rotate_beauty_calc(const float (*coords)[2],
const HalfEdge *edges,
const HalfEdge *e_a,
float *r_area)
{
const HalfEdge *e_b = &edges[e_a->e_radial];
const HalfEdge *e_a_other = &edges[edges[e_a->e_next].e_next];
const HalfEdge *e_b_other = &edges[edges[e_b->e_next].e_next];
const float *v1, *v2, *v3, *v4;
v1 = coords[e_a_other->v];
v2 = coords[e_a->v];
v3 = coords[e_b_other->v];
v4 = coords[e_b->v];
return BLI_polyfill_beautify_quad_rotate_calc_ex(v1, v2, v3, v4, false, r_area);
}
static void polyedge_beauty_cost_update_single(const float (*coords)[2],
const HalfEdge *edges,
HalfEdge *e,
Heap *eheap,
HeapNode **eheap_table)
{
const uint i = e->base_index;
/* recalculate edge */
float area;
const float cost = polyedge_rotate_beauty_calc(coords, edges, e, &area);
/* We can get cases where both choices generate very small negative costs,
* which leads to infinite loop. Anyway, costs above that are not worth recomputing,
* maybe we could even optimize it to a smaller limit?
* Actually, FLT_EPSILON is too small in some cases, 1e-6f seems to work OK hopefully?
* See #43578, #49478.
*
* In fact a larger epsilon can still fail when the area of the face is very large,
* now the epsilon is scaled by the face area.
* See #56532. */
if (cost < -1e-6f * max_ff(area, 1.0f)) {
BLI_heap_insert_or_update(eheap, &eheap_table[i], cost, e);
}
else {
if (eheap_table[i]) {
BLI_heap_remove(eheap, eheap_table[i]);
eheap_table[i] = nullptr;
}
}
}
static void polyedge_beauty_cost_update(
const float (*coords)[2], HalfEdge *edges, HalfEdge *e, Heap *eheap, HeapNode **eheap_table)
{
HalfEdge *e_arr[4];
e_arr[0] = &edges[e->e_next];
e_arr[1] = &edges[e_arr[0]->e_next];
e = &edges[e->e_radial];
e_arr[2] = &edges[e->e_next];
e_arr[3] = &edges[e_arr[2]->e_next];
for (uint i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (e_arr[i] && e_arr[i]->base_index != UINT_MAX) {
polyedge_beauty_cost_update_single(coords, edges, e_arr[i], eheap, eheap_table);
}
}
}
static void polyedge_rotate(HalfEdge *edges, const HalfEdge *e)
{
/** CCW winding, rotate internal edge to new vertical state.
*
* \code{.unparsed}
* Before After
* X X
* / \ /|\
* e4/ \e5 e4/ | \e5
* / e3 \ / | \
* X ------- X -> X e0|e3 X
* \ e0 / \ | /
* e2\ /e1 e2\ | /e1
* \ / \|/
* X X
* \endcode
*/
HalfEdge *ed[6];
uint ed_index[6];
ed_index[0] = uint(e - edges);
ed[0] = &edges[ed_index[0]];
ed_index[1] = ed[0]->e_next;
ed[1] = &edges[ed_index[1]];
ed_index[2] = ed[1]->e_next;
ed[2] = &edges[ed_index[2]];
ed_index[3] = e->e_radial;
ed[3] = &edges[ed_index[3]];
ed_index[4] = ed[3]->e_next;
ed[4] = &edges[ed_index[4]];
ed_index[5] = ed[4]->e_next;
ed[5] = &edges[ed_index[5]];
ed[0]->e_next = ed_index[2];
ed[1]->e_next = ed_index[3];
ed[2]->e_next = ed_index[4];
ed[3]->e_next = ed_index[5];
ed[4]->e_next = ed_index[0];
ed[5]->e_next = ed_index[1];
ed[0]->v = ed[5]->v;
ed[3]->v = ed[2]->v;
}
void BLI_polyfill_beautify(const float (*coords)[2],
const uint coords_num,
uint (*tris)[3],
/* structs for reuse */
MemArena *arena,
Heap *eheap)
{
const uint coord_last = coords_num - 1;
const uint tris_len = coords_num - 2;
/* internal edges only (between 2 tris) */
const uint edges_len = tris_len - 1;
HeapNode **eheap_table;
const uint half_edges_len = 3 * tris_len;
HalfEdge *half_edges = static_cast<HalfEdge *>(
BLI_memarena_alloc(arena, sizeof(*half_edges) * half_edges_len));
OrderEdge *order_edges = static_cast<OrderEdge *>(
BLI_memarena_alloc(arena, sizeof(OrderEdge) * 2 * edges_len));
uint order_edges_len = 0;
/* first build edges */
for (uint i = 0; i < tris_len; i++) {
for (uint j_curr = 0, j_prev = 2; j_curr < 3; j_prev = j_curr++) {
const uint e_index_prev = (i * 3) + j_prev;
const uint e_index_curr = (i * 3) + j_curr;
half_edges[e_index_prev].v = tris[i][j_prev];
half_edges[e_index_prev].e_next = e_index_curr;
half_edges[e_index_prev].e_radial = UINT_MAX;
half_edges[e_index_prev].base_index = UINT_MAX;
uint e_pair[2] = {tris[i][j_prev], tris[i][j_curr]};
if (e_pair[0] > e_pair[1]) {
SWAP(uint, e_pair[0], e_pair[1]);
}
/* ensure internal edges. */
if (!is_boundary_edge(e_pair[0], e_pair[1], coord_last)) {
order_edges[order_edges_len].verts[0] = e_pair[0];
order_edges[order_edges_len].verts[1] = e_pair[1];
order_edges[order_edges_len].e_half = e_index_prev;
order_edges_len += 1;
}
}
}
BLI_assert(edges_len * 2 == order_edges_len);
qsort(order_edges, order_edges_len, sizeof(OrderEdge), oedge_cmp);
for (uint i = 0, base_index = 0; i < order_edges_len; base_index++) {
const OrderEdge *oe_a = &order_edges[i++];
const OrderEdge *oe_b = &order_edges[i++];
BLI_assert(oe_a->verts[0] == oe_b->verts[0] && oe_a->verts[1] == oe_b->verts[1]);
half_edges[oe_a->e_half].e_radial = oe_b->e_half;
half_edges[oe_b->e_half].e_radial = oe_a->e_half;
half_edges[oe_a->e_half].base_index = base_index;
half_edges[oe_b->e_half].base_index = base_index;
}
/* order_edges could be freed now. */
/* Now perform iterative rotations. */
#if 0
eheap_table = BLI_memarena_alloc(arena, sizeof(HeapNode *) * size_t(edges_len));
#else
/* We can re-use this since its big enough. */
eheap_table = (HeapNode **)order_edges;
order_edges = nullptr;
#endif
/* Build heap. */
{
HalfEdge *e = half_edges;
for (uint i = 0; i < half_edges_len; i++, e++) {
/* Accounts for boundary edged too (UINT_MAX). */
if (e->e_radial < i) {
const float cost = polyedge_rotate_beauty_calc(coords, half_edges, e, nullptr);
if (cost < 0.0f) {
eheap_table[e->base_index] = BLI_heap_insert(eheap, cost, e);
}
else {
eheap_table[e->base_index] = nullptr;
}
}
}
}
while (BLI_heap_is_empty(eheap) == false) {
HalfEdge *e = static_cast<HalfEdge *>(BLI_heap_pop_min(eheap));
eheap_table[e->base_index] = nullptr;
polyedge_rotate(half_edges, e);
/* recalculate faces connected on the heap */
polyedge_beauty_cost_update(coords, half_edges, e, eheap, eheap_table);
}
BLI_heap_clear(eheap, nullptr);
// MEM_freeN(eheap_table); /* arena */
/* Get triangles from half edge. */
uint tri_index = 0;
for (uint i = 0; i < half_edges_len; i++) {
HalfEdge *e = &half_edges[i];
if (e->v != UINT_MAX) {
uint *tri = tris[tri_index++];
tri[0] = e->v;
e->v = UINT_MAX;
e = &half_edges[e->e_next];
tri[1] = e->v;
e->v = UINT_MAX;
e = &half_edges[e->e_next];
tri[2] = e->v;
e->v = UINT_MAX;
}
}
}