test/source/blender/gpu/vulkan/vk_device.cc

/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Blender Authors
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */

/** \file
 * \ingroup gpu
 */

#include <sstream>

#include "CLG_log.h"

#include "vk_backend.hh"
#include "vk_context.hh"
#include "vk_device.hh"
#include "vk_state_manager.hh"
#include "vk_storage_buffer.hh"
#include "vk_texture.hh"
#include "vk_vertex_buffer.hh"

#include "GPU_capabilities.hh"

#include "BLI_math_matrix_types.hh"

#include "GHOST_C-api.h"

extern "C" char datatoc_glsl_shader_defines_glsl[];

static CLG_LogRef LOG = {"gpu.vulkan"};

namespace blender::gpu {

void VKExtensions::log() const
{
  CLOG_DEBUG(&LOG,
             "Device features\n"
             " - [%c] shader output viewport index\n"
             " - [%c] shader output layer\n"
             " - [%c] fragment shader barycentric\n"
             "Device extensions\n"
             " - [%c] descriptor buffer\n"
             " - [%c] dynamic rendering\n"
             " - [%c] dynamic rendering local read\n"
             " - [%c] dynamic rendering unused attachments\n"
             " - [%c] external memory\n"
             " - [%c] shader stencil export",
             shader_output_viewport_index ? 'X' : ' ',
             shader_output_layer ? 'X' : ' ',
             fragment_shader_barycentric ? 'X' : ' ',
             descriptor_buffer ? 'X' : ' ',
             dynamic_rendering ? 'X' : ' ',
             dynamic_rendering_local_read ? 'X' : ' ',
             dynamic_rendering_unused_attachments ? 'X' : ' ',
             external_memory ? 'X' : ' ',
             GPU_stencil_export_support() ? 'X' : ' ');
}

void VKDevice::reinit()
{
  samplers_.free();
  samplers_.init();
}

void VKDevice::deinit()
{
  if (!is_initialized()) {
    return;
  }

  deinit_submission_pool();

  dummy_buffer.free();
  samplers_.free();

  {
    while (!thread_data_.is_empty()) {
      VKThreadData *thread_data = thread_data_.pop_last();
      thread_data->deinit(*this);
      delete thread_data;
    }
    thread_data_.clear();
  }
  pipelines.write_to_disk();
  pipelines.free_data();
  descriptor_set_layouts_.deinit();
  orphaned_data_render.deinit(*this);
  orphaned_data.deinit(*this);
  vmaDestroyPool(mem_allocator_, vma_pools.external_memory);
  vmaDestroyAllocator(mem_allocator_);
  mem_allocator_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

  while (!render_graphs_.is_empty()) {
    render_graph::VKRenderGraph *render_graph = render_graphs_.pop_last();
    MEM_delete<render_graph::VKRenderGraph>(render_graph);
  }

  debugging_tools_.deinit(vk_instance_);

  vk_instance_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  vk_physical_device_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  vk_device_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  vk_queue_family_ = 0;
  vk_queue_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
  vk_physical_device_properties_ = {};
  glsl_vert_patch_.clear();
  glsl_frag_patch_.clear();
  glsl_geom_patch_.clear();
  glsl_comp_patch_.clear();
  is_initialized_ = false;
}

void VKDevice::init(void *ghost_context)
{
  BLI_assert(!is_initialized());
  GHOST_VulkanHandles handles = {};
  GHOST_GetVulkanHandles((GHOST_ContextHandle)ghost_context, &handles);
  vk_instance_ = handles.instance;
  vk_physical_device_ = handles.physical_device;
  vk_device_ = handles.device;
  vk_queue_family_ = handles.graphic_queue_family;
  vk_queue_ = handles.queue;
  queue_mutex_ = static_cast<std::mutex *>(handles.queue_mutex);

  init_physical_device_extensions();
  init_physical_device_properties();
  init_physical_device_memory_properties();
  init_physical_device_features();
  VKBackend::platform_init(*this);
  VKBackend::capabilities_init(*this);
  init_functions();
  init_debug_callbacks();
  init_memory_allocator();
  pipelines.init();
  pipelines.read_from_disk();

  samplers_.init();
  init_dummy_buffer();

  debug::object_label(vk_handle(), "LogicalDevice");
  debug::object_label(vk_queue_, "GenericQueue");
  init_glsl_patch();

  resources.use_dynamic_rendering = extensions_.dynamic_rendering;
  resources.use_dynamic_rendering_local_read = extensions_.dynamic_rendering_local_read;
  orphaned_data.timeline_ = 0;

  init_submission_pool();
  is_initialized_ = true;
}

void VKDevice::init_functions()
{
#define LOAD_FUNCTION(name) (PFN_##name) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance_, STRINGIFY(name))
  /* VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering */
  functions.vkCmdBeginRendering = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR);
  functions.vkCmdEndRendering = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdEndRenderingKHR);

  /* VK_EXT_debug_utils */
  functions.vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabel = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT);
  functions.vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabel = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT);
  functions.vkSetDebugUtilsObjectName = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT);
  functions.vkCreateDebugUtilsMessenger = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT);
  functions.vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessenger = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT);

  if (extensions_.external_memory) {
#ifdef _WIN32
    /* VK_KHR_external_memory_win32 */
    functions.vkGetMemoryWin32Handle = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkGetMemoryWin32HandleKHR);
#elif not defined(__APPLE__)
    /* VK_KHR_external_memory_fd */
    functions.vkGetMemoryFd = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkGetMemoryFdKHR);
#endif
  }

  /* VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer */
  functions.vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSize = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSizeEXT);
  functions.vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutBindingOffset = LOAD_FUNCTION(
      vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutBindingOffsetEXT);
  functions.vkGetDescriptor = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkGetDescriptorEXT);
  functions.vkCmdBindDescriptorBuffers = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdBindDescriptorBuffersEXT);
  functions.vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsets = LOAD_FUNCTION(vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT);

#undef LOAD_FUNCTION
}

void VKDevice::init_debug_callbacks()
{
  debugging_tools_.init(vk_instance_);
}

void VKDevice::init_physical_device_properties()
{
  BLI_assert(vk_physical_device_ != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

  VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 vk_physical_device_properties = {};
  vk_physical_device_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2;
  vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.sType =
      VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES;
  vk_physical_device_id_properties_.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES;
  vk_physical_device_properties.pNext = &vk_physical_device_driver_properties_;
  vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.pNext = &vk_physical_device_id_properties_;

  if (supports_extension(VK_EXT_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
    vk_physical_device_descriptor_buffer_properties_ = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_PROPERTIES_EXT};
    vk_physical_device_descriptor_buffer_properties_.pNext =
        vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.pNext;
    vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.pNext =
        &vk_physical_device_descriptor_buffer_properties_;
  }

  vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(vk_physical_device_, &vk_physical_device_properties);
  vk_physical_device_properties_ = vk_physical_device_properties.properties;
}

void VKDevice::init_physical_device_memory_properties()
{
  BLI_assert(vk_physical_device_ != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
  vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(vk_physical_device_, &vk_physical_device_memory_properties_);
}

void VKDevice::init_physical_device_features()
{
  BLI_assert(vk_physical_device_ != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features = {};
  features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
  vk_physical_device_vulkan_11_features_.sType =
      VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES;
  vk_physical_device_vulkan_12_features_.sType =
      VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES;

  features.pNext = &vk_physical_device_vulkan_11_features_;
  vk_physical_device_vulkan_11_features_.pNext = &vk_physical_device_vulkan_12_features_;

  vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(vk_physical_device_, &features);
  vk_physical_device_features_ = features.features;
}

void VKDevice::init_physical_device_extensions()
{
  uint32_t count = 0;
  vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(vk_physical_device_, nullptr, &count, nullptr);
  device_extensions_ = Array<VkExtensionProperties>(count);
  vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
      vk_physical_device_, nullptr, &count, device_extensions_.data());
}

bool VKDevice::supports_extension(const char *extension_name) const
{
  for (const VkExtensionProperties &vk_extension_properties : device_extensions_) {
    if (STREQ(vk_extension_properties.extensionName, extension_name)) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void VKDevice::init_memory_allocator()
{
  VmaAllocatorCreateInfo info = {};
  info.vulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
  info.physicalDevice = vk_physical_device_;
  info.device = vk_device_;
  info.instance = vk_instance_;
  if (extensions_.descriptor_buffer) {
    info.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT;
  }
  vmaCreateAllocator(&info, &mem_allocator_);

  if (!extensions_.external_memory) {
    return;
  }
  /* External memory pool */
  /* Initialize a dummy image create info to find the memory type index that will be used for
   * allocating. */
  VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags vk_external_memory_handle_type = 0;
#ifdef _WIN32
  vk_external_memory_handle_type = VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT;
#else
  vk_external_memory_handle_type = VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT;
#endif
  VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo external_image_create_info = {
      VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
      nullptr,
      vk_external_memory_handle_type};
  VkImageCreateInfo image_create_info = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
                                         &external_image_create_info,
                                         0,
                                         VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
                                         VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
                                         {1024, 1024, 1},
                                         1,
                                         1,
                                         VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
                                         VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
                                         VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
                                             VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT |
                                             VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
                                         VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
                                         0,
                                         nullptr,
                                         VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED};
  VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocation_create_info = {};
  allocation_create_info.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;
  allocation_create_info.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
  uint32_t memory_type_index;
  vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(
      mem_allocator_, &image_create_info, &allocation_create_info, &memory_type_index);

  vma_pools.external_memory_info.handleTypes = vk_external_memory_handle_type;
  VmaPoolCreateInfo pool_create_info = {};
  pool_create_info.memoryTypeIndex = memory_type_index;
  pool_create_info.pMemoryAllocateNext = &vma_pools.external_memory_info;
  vmaCreatePool(mem_allocator_, &pool_create_info, &vma_pools.external_memory);
}

void VKDevice::init_dummy_buffer()
{
  dummy_buffer.create(sizeof(float4x4),
                      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
                      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT,
                      VkMemoryPropertyFlags(0),
                      VmaAllocationCreateFlags(0));
  debug::object_label(dummy_buffer.vk_handle(), "DummyBuffer");
  /* Default dummy buffer. Set the 4th element to 1 to fix missing orcos. */
  float data[16] = {
      0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
  dummy_buffer.update_immediately(static_cast<void *>(data));
}

void VKDevice::init_glsl_patch()
{
  std::stringstream ss;

  ss << "#version 450\n";
  if (GPU_shader_draw_parameters_support()) {
    ss << "#extension GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters : enable\n";
    ss << "#define GPU_ARB_shader_draw_parameters\n";
    ss << "#define gpu_BaseInstance (gl_BaseInstanceARB)\n";
  }
  ss << "#define GPU_ARB_clip_control\n";

  ss << "#define gl_VertexID gl_VertexIndex\n";
  ss << "#define gpu_InstanceIndex (gl_InstanceIndex)\n";
  ss << "#define gl_InstanceID (gpu_InstanceIndex - gpu_BaseInstance)\n";

  ss << "#extension GL_ARB_shader_viewport_layer_array: enable\n";
  if (GPU_stencil_export_support()) {
    ss << "#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export: enable\n";
    ss << "#define GPU_ARB_shader_stencil_export 1\n";
  }
  if (extensions_.fragment_shader_barycentric) {
    ss << "#extension GL_EXT_fragment_shader_barycentric : require\n";
    ss << "#define gpu_BaryCoord gl_BaryCoordEXT\n";
    ss << "#define gpu_BaryCoordNoPersp gl_BaryCoordNoPerspEXT\n";
  }

  /* GLSL Backend Lib. */

  glsl_vert_patch_ = ss.str() + "#define GPU_VERTEX_SHADER\n" + datatoc_glsl_shader_defines_glsl;
  glsl_geom_patch_ = ss.str() + "#define GPU_GEOMETRY_SHADER\n" + datatoc_glsl_shader_defines_glsl;
  glsl_frag_patch_ = ss.str() + "#define GPU_FRAGMENT_SHADER\n" + datatoc_glsl_shader_defines_glsl;
  glsl_comp_patch_ = ss.str() + "#define GPU_COMPUTE_SHADER\n" + datatoc_glsl_shader_defines_glsl;
}

const char *VKDevice::glsl_vertex_patch_get() const
{
  BLI_assert(!glsl_vert_patch_.empty());
  return glsl_vert_patch_.c_str();
}

const char *VKDevice::glsl_geometry_patch_get() const
{
  BLI_assert(!glsl_geom_patch_.empty());
  return glsl_geom_patch_.c_str();
}

const char *VKDevice::glsl_fragment_patch_get() const
{
  BLI_assert(!glsl_frag_patch_.empty());
  return glsl_frag_patch_.c_str();
}

const char *VKDevice::glsl_compute_patch_get() const
{
  BLI_assert(!glsl_comp_patch_.empty());
  return glsl_comp_patch_.c_str();
}

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** \name Platform/driver/device information
 * \{ */

constexpr int32_t PCI_ID_NVIDIA = 0x10de;
constexpr int32_t PCI_ID_INTEL = 0x8086;
constexpr int32_t PCI_ID_AMD = 0x1002;
constexpr int32_t PCI_ID_ATI = 0x1022;
constexpr int32_t PCI_ID_APPLE = 0x106b;

eGPUDeviceType VKDevice::device_type() const
{
  switch (vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.driverID) {
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_PROPRIETARY:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_OPEN_SOURCE:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV:
      return GPU_DEVICE_ATI;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_NVIDIA_PROPRIETARY:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_NVK:
      return GPU_DEVICE_NVIDIA;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_PROPRIETARY_WINDOWS:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_OPEN_SOURCE_MESA:
      return GPU_DEVICE_INTEL;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_QUALCOMM_PROPRIETARY:
      return GPU_DEVICE_QUALCOMM;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK:
      return GPU_DEVICE_APPLE;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_LLVMPIPE:
      return GPU_DEVICE_SOFTWARE;

    default:
      return GPU_DEVICE_UNKNOWN;
  }

  return GPU_DEVICE_UNKNOWN;
}

eGPUDriverType VKDevice::driver_type() const
{
  switch (vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.driverID) {
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_PROPRIETARY:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_PROPRIETARY_WINDOWS:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_NVIDIA_PROPRIETARY:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_QUALCOMM_PROPRIETARY:
      return GPU_DRIVER_OFFICIAL;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_OPEN_SOURCE:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_OPEN_SOURCE_MESA:
    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_NVK:
      return GPU_DRIVER_OPENSOURCE;

    case VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_LLVMPIPE:
      return GPU_DRIVER_SOFTWARE;

    default:
      return GPU_DRIVER_ANY;
  }

  return GPU_DRIVER_ANY;
}

std::string VKDevice::vendor_name() const
{
  /* Below 0x10000 are the PCI vendor IDs (https://pcisig.com/membership/member-companies) */
  if (vk_physical_device_properties_.vendorID < 0x10000) {
    switch (vk_physical_device_properties_.vendorID) {
      case PCI_ID_AMD:
      case PCI_ID_ATI:
        return "Advanced Micro Devices";
      case PCI_ID_NVIDIA:
        return "NVIDIA Corporation";
      case PCI_ID_INTEL:
        return "Intel Corporation";
      case PCI_ID_APPLE:
        return "Apple";
      default:
        return std::to_string(vk_physical_device_properties_.vendorID);
    }
  }
  else {
    /* above 0x10000 should be vkVendorIDs
     * NOTE: When debug_messaging landed we can use something similar to
     * vk::to_string(vk::VendorId(properties.vendorID));
     */
    return std::to_string(vk_physical_device_properties_.vendorID);
  }
}

std::string VKDevice::driver_version() const
{
  return StringRefNull(vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.driverName) + " " +
         StringRefNull(vk_physical_device_driver_properties_.driverInfo);
}

/** \} */

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** \name VKThreadData
 * \{ */

VKThreadData::VKThreadData(VKDevice &device, pthread_t thread_id) : thread_id(thread_id)
{
  for (VKResourcePool &resource_pool : resource_pools) {
    resource_pool.init(device);
  }
}

void VKThreadData::deinit(VKDevice &device)
{
  for (VKResourcePool &resource_pool : resource_pools) {
    resource_pool.deinit(device);
  }
}

/** \} */

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** \name Resource management
 * \{ */

VKThreadData &VKDevice::current_thread_data()
{
  std::scoped_lock mutex(resources.mutex);
  pthread_t current_thread_id = pthread_self();

  for (VKThreadData *thread_data : thread_data_) {
    if (pthread_equal(thread_data->thread_id, current_thread_id)) {
      return *thread_data;
    }
  }

  VKThreadData *thread_data = new VKThreadData(*this, current_thread_id);
  thread_data_.append(thread_data);
  return *thread_data;
}

void VKDevice::context_register(VKContext &context)
{
  contexts_.append(std::reference_wrapper(context));
}

void VKDevice::context_unregister(VKContext &context)
{
  if (context.render_graph_.has_value()) {
    render_graph::VKRenderGraph &render_graph = context.render_graph();
    context.render_graph_.reset();
    BLI_assert_msg(render_graph.is_empty(),
                   "Unregistering a context that still has an unsubmitted render graph.");
    render_graph.reset();
    BLI_thread_queue_push(
        unused_render_graphs_, &render_graph, BLI_THREAD_QUEUE_WORK_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
  }
  {
    std::scoped_lock lock(orphaned_data.mutex_get());
    orphaned_data.move_data(context.discard_pool, timeline_value_ + 1);
  }

  contexts_.remove(contexts_.first_index_of(std::reference_wrapper(context)));
}
Span<std::reference_wrapper<VKContext>> VKDevice::contexts_get() const
{
  return contexts_;
};

void VKDevice::memory_statistics_get(int *r_total_mem_kb, int *r_free_mem_kb) const
{
  VmaBudget budgets[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
  vmaGetHeapBudgets(mem_allocator_get(), budgets);
  VkDeviceSize total_mem = 0;
  VkDeviceSize used_mem = 0;

  for (int memory_heap_index : IndexRange(vk_physical_device_memory_properties_.memoryHeapCount)) {
    const VkMemoryHeap &memory_heap =
        vk_physical_device_memory_properties_.memoryHeaps[memory_heap_index];
    const VmaBudget &budget = budgets[memory_heap_index];

    /* Skip host memory-heaps. */
    if (!bool(memory_heap.flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT)) {
      continue;
    }

    total_mem += memory_heap.size;
    used_mem += budget.usage;
  }

  *r_total_mem_kb = int(total_mem / 1024);
  *r_free_mem_kb = int((total_mem - used_mem) / 1024);
}

/** \} */

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** \name Debugging/statistics
 * \{ */

void VKDevice::debug_print(std::ostream &os, const VKDiscardPool &discard_pool)
{
  if (discard_pool.images_.is_empty() && discard_pool.buffers_.is_empty() &&
      discard_pool.image_views_.is_empty() && discard_pool.buffer_views_.is_empty() &&
      discard_pool.shader_modules_.is_empty() && discard_pool.pipeline_layouts_.is_empty() &&
      discard_pool.descriptor_pools_.is_empty())
  {
    return;
  }
  os << "  Discardable resources: ";
  if (!discard_pool.images_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkImage=" << discard_pool.images_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.image_views_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkImageView=" << discard_pool.image_views_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.buffers_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkBuffer=" << discard_pool.buffers_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.buffer_views_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkBufferViews=" << discard_pool.buffer_views_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.shader_modules_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkShaderModule=" << discard_pool.shader_modules_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.pipeline_layouts_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkPipelineLayout=" << discard_pool.pipeline_layouts_.size() << " ";
  }
  if (!discard_pool.descriptor_pools_.is_empty()) {
    os << "VkDescriptorPool=" << discard_pool.descriptor_pools_.size();
  }
  os << "\n";
}

void VKDevice::debug_print()
{
  BLI_assert_msg(BLI_thread_is_main(),
                 "VKDevice::debug_print can only be called from the main thread.");

  std::ostream &os = std::cout;

  os << "Pipelines\n";
  os << " Graphics: " << pipelines.graphic_pipelines_.size() << "\n";
  os << " Compute: " << pipelines.compute_pipelines_.size() << "\n";
  os << "Descriptor sets\n";
  os << " VkDescriptorSetLayouts: " << descriptor_set_layouts_.size() << "\n";
  for (const VKThreadData *thread_data : thread_data_) {
    /* NOTE: Assumption that this is always called form the main thread. This could be solved by
     * keeping track of the main thread inside the thread data. */
    const bool is_main = pthread_equal(thread_data->thread_id, pthread_self());
    os << "ThreadData" << (is_main ? " (main-thread)" : "") << ")\n";
    os << " Rendering_depth: " << thread_data->rendering_depth << "\n";
    for (int resource_pool_index : IndexRange(thread_data->resource_pools.size())) {
      const bool is_active = thread_data->resource_pool_index == resource_pool_index;
      os << " Resource Pool (index=" << resource_pool_index << (is_active ? " active" : "")
         << ")\n";
    }
  }
  os << "Discard pool\n";
  debug_print(os, orphaned_data);
  os << "Discard pool (render)\n";
  debug_print(os, orphaned_data_render);
  os << "\n";

  for (const std::reference_wrapper<VKContext> &context : contexts_) {
    os << " VKContext \n";
    debug_print(os, context.get().discard_pool);
  }

  int total_mem_kb;
  int free_mem_kb;
  memory_statistics_get(&total_mem_kb, &free_mem_kb);
  os << "\nMemory: total=" << total_mem_kb << ", free=" << free_mem_kb << "\n";
}

/** \} */

}  // namespace blender::gpu