Split out from #138161.
I checked with a locally built OSL (on Linux), and all tests (incl. OptiX OSL)
still pass without the Cycles-side changes in that PR, so we can merge this and
update the libs separately.
The only file that needs to be updated in the deps is `liboslexec.so`,
and probably `llvm/lib/clang/17/include/__clang_cuda_device_functions.h`
(we don't use this when building Blender, but since it's changed,
it's probably cleaner to update it anyways).
Pull Request: https://projects.blender.org/blender/blender/pulls/138788
6749695ccb