GPU: Add library for handling shared exponent format in software

This allows reducing bandwidth at the cost of some instructions
for packing and decoding the texture.

Pull Request: https://projects.blender.org/blender/blender/pulls/122446

source/blender/gpu/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -519,6 +519,7 @@ set(GLSL_SRC
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_math_matrix_lib.glsl
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_math_rotation_lib.glsl
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_math_vector_lib.glsl
+  shaders/common/gpu_shader_shared_exponent_lib.glsl
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_smaa_lib.glsl
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_test_lib.glsl
   shaders/common/gpu_shader_utildefines_lib.glsl

source/blender/gpu/shaders/common/gpu_shader_shared_exponent_lib.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Blender Authors
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+/**
+ * Software implementation of encoding and decoding of shared exponent texture as described by the
+ * OpenGL extension EXT_texture_shared_exponent Appendix
+ * https://registry.khronos.org/OpenGL/extensions/EXT/EXT_texture_shared_exponent.txt
+ *
+ * This allows to read and write the RGB9_E5 format in a R32UI texture without explicit support on
+ * the hardware for this type. However, filtering is not supported in this case.
+ */
+
+#define RGB9E5_EXPONENT_BITS 5
+#define RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS 9
+#define RGB9E5_EXP_BIAS 15
+#define RGB9E5_MAX_VALID_BIASED_EXP 31
+
+#define MAX_RGB9E5_EXP (RGB9E5_MAX_VALID_BIASED_EXP - RGB9E5_EXP_BIAS)
+#define RGB9E5_MANTISSA_VALUES (1 << RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS)
+#define MAX_RGB9E5_MANTISSA (RGB9E5_MANTISSA_VALUES - 1)
+
+int rgb9e5_floor_log2(float x)
+{
+  /* Ok, rgb9e5_floor_log2 is not correct for the denorm and zero values, but we
+   * are going to do a max of this value with the minimum rgb9e5 exponent
+   * that will hide these problem cases. */
+  int biased_exponent = floatBitsToInt(x) >> 23;
+  return biased_exponent - 127;
+}
+
+float rgb9e5_exponent_factor(int exponent)
+{
+  /* This pow function could be replaced by a table. There is only 32 values. */
+  return exp2(float(exponent - RGB9E5_EXP_BIAS - RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS));
+}
+
+struct rgb9e5_t {
+  uint exp_shared;
+  uvec3 mantissa;
+};
+
+rgb9e5_t rgb9e5_from_float3(vec3 color)
+{
+  const float max_rgb9e5 = float(0xFF80u);
+  color = clamp(color, 0.0, max_rgb9e5);
+
+  float max_component = max(max(color.r, color.g), color.b);
+  int log2_floored = rgb9e5_floor_log2(max_component);
+  int exp_shared = max(-RGB9E5_EXP_BIAS - 1, log2_floored) + (1 + RGB9E5_EXP_BIAS);
+  float denom = rgb9e5_exponent_factor(exp_shared);
+  int maxm = int(max_component / denom + 0.5);
+  if (maxm == MAX_RGB9E5_MANTISSA + 1) {
+    denom *= 2.0;
+    exp_shared += 1;
+  }
+
+  rgb9e5_t result;
+  result.exp_shared = uint(exp_shared);
+  result.mantissa = uvec3(color / denom + 0.5);
+  return result;
+}
+
+uint rgb9e5_encode(vec3 color)
+{
+  rgb9e5_t result = rgb9e5_from_float3(color);
+  result.exp_shared <<= RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS * 3;
+  result.mantissa <<= RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS * uvec3(0, 1, 2);
+  return result.mantissa.r | result.mantissa.g | result.mantissa.b | result.exp_shared;
+}
+
+vec3 rgb9e5_decode(uint data)
+{
+  int exp_shared = int(data >> (RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS * 3));
+  uvec3 mantissa = (uvec3(data) >> (RGB9E5_MANTISSA_BITS * uvec3(0, 1, 2))) &
+                   uint(MAX_RGB9E5_MANTISSA);
+  return mantissa * rgb9e5_exponent_factor(exp_shared);
+}